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Igor Šabić University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Children’s hospital, Ljubljana Radiology Unit Comparison between Renal Scintigraphy and Functional MR Urography introdUction ultrasound (US) of the urinary system is the first line imaging method in paediatric uro- radiology. Further diagnostic imaging is dependent on clinical questions and findings on US. Renal scintigraphy is known to be a gold standard for renal function evaluation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming an important imaging method in eva- luation of urinary system in children. MRI provides good anatomical and morphological information of urinary system. Magnetic resonance urography (MRU) was introduced in paediatric uroradiology in 1999. Development of MRI techniques allows also quan- titative evaluation of renal function. Functional MRU (fMRU) is an upgrade of MRU. It fuses superb anatomic-morphologic and quantitative functional imaging of the urinary system in one method that does not use ionizing radiation. Therefore, fMRU is recogni- zed as a “Holy Grail” in paediatric uroradiology. How we Perform magnetic resonance UrograPHy currently, fMRU is at least as invasive as many other well established tests. It involves sedation, bladder catheterization in some cases (children under deep sedation and with high grade vesicoureteric reflux), and the application of diuretic (furosemide) and paramagnetic contrast medium (CM), but it is radiation free. Hydration (intravenous or per os) before the examination is very important. There is still no consensus about how to do fMRU – which aspects from which approach can be adapted and should be recommended. In general, first a standard anatomic-morphologic MRU is performed to evaluate the anatomical and morphological details of urinary system. It is followed by application of diuretic and paramagnetic contrast medium and functional sequence –dynamic renography, which is very important for quantitative evaluation of renal function. This sequence is imported in post-processing in one of two available free programs on the web: the French MRU plugin called “ImageJ” (www.univ-rouen.fr/med/MRurography/ 35